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Reference - Strategy Toolkit (All 12 Lessons)

Every strategy below is used somewhere in the Tech Ed P4 lessons – and every one works for any Tech Ed topic you design yourself (and in your other subjects too). Star the strategies you already own; circle the ones you want to grow. Reach for this sheet whenever you design or edit a lesson (you will use it in the Day 2 Design Studio).

Opening strategies – start the thinking

Strategy What it looks like Why / when to use it Where Tech Ed P4 uses it
Play-based / experiential hook Learners play with the idea before any explanation

Creates curiosity and shared experience to teach from

use to open a new topic

L1 'Is it AI?'

L2 QuickDraw

L3–4 demo

L5–6 gallery

L7 LLM play

L9–10 Chat with Chatty

Rapid voting / polling Everyone commits publicly to a low-stakes answer (cards, hands, corners)

100% participation in seconds

surfaces misconceptions

use as opener or quick check

L1 'Is it AI?'

L7 'Classify or Generate?'

Prior-knowledge activation Recall or brainstorm what learners already know before new input

New learning sticks to old knowledge (Ambrose)

use before every new concept

L1 AI in daily life

L8 superhero brainstorm

L12 whiteboard brainstorm

Core strategies – make thinking visible

Strategy What it looks like Why / when to use it Where Tech Ed P4 uses it
Think-Pair-Share 30s solo think, 2 min pair talk, then share-out

Everyone thinks before anyone speaks

rehearsal lowers speaking stakes

L2 mini-lesson

L7 video + TPS

workshop debriefs

Worked example / teacher demo Expert reasons aloud through a solved case before learners try

Cuts cognitive load for novices (Clark & Mayer)

use before independent practice

L3–4 Teachable Machine demo

L5–6 Bunny Ears demo

L7 LLM demo

L8 prompt examples

L9–10 system-prompt example

L11 think-aloud

Mini-lesson 5–10 minutes of focused input sandwiched between activities

Input lands when learners already need it

keep it short and just-in-time

L2 coding vs learning

L7 how GenAI works

L8 prompt engineering

L9–10 system prompts

L11 ethics mini-lecture

Guided inquiry / learning by doing Learners build or investigate with scaffolds, discovering the concept

Making drives understanding

use when the concept can be discovered

L2 Silly Eyeglasses

L3–4 train a classifier

L5–6 AI project

L7 hide-the-elephant

L8 superhero

L9–10 chatbot

Build-test-iterate Make it, break it, diagnose, improve – logged each round

The failure is the teacher

builds engineering habits of mind

L3–4 train-test-evaluate

L5–6 make & playtest

L8 prompt iteration

L9–10 chatbot build

Role-play / think-aloud Learners (or teacher) act out reasoning step by step

Makes invisible reasoning visible

use for processes and perspectives

L11 step-by-step reasoning role-play & think-aloud
Jigsaw Each group masters a different piece, then teaches the room Positive interdependence – everyone's piece matters This workshop's lesson teardown

Making & scaffolding strategies

Strategy What it looks like Why / when to use it Where Tech Ed P4 uses it
Template / design-sheet scaffold A structured sheet walks learners through ideate → design → make

Scaffolds keep working memory on the thinking, not the logistics

fade them over time

L5–6 project design sheet

L9–10 system-prompt template

L11 Ethical Matrix

L12 responsible-use checklist

Human-centered design framing Start from who the user/learner is and what they need

Anchors making in empathy

decide audience before mechanics

L5–6 design your AI project (for a real user)
Pair / team collaboration Structured pair or small-group work with roles

Talk is thinking

roles stop free-riding

L2, L5–6, L8, L9–10, L11, L12
Playtesting Peers try your creation and give structured feedback

Authentic audience

feedback while there is still time to fix

L5–6 playtest & feedback

Day 2 microteaching

Critical & closing strategies

Strategy What it looks like Why / when to use it Where Tech Ed P4 uses it
Claim-Evidence-Reasoning State a claim, back it with evidence, explain the link

Turns opinions into arguments

use in share-outs and feedback

L2 CER share-out

L11 ethics reasoning

Day 2 peer feedback

Risk-spotting / critical analysis Structured questions: who could this harm? what if it is wrong? A thinking routine for ethics that works in any subject

L3–4 algorithmic bias

L11 ethical issues + Ethical Matrix

Red-Blue critique One team attacks an idea's risks, one defends with safeguards Roles make critique safe and rigorous

L11 responsible-use pairs

L12 Red-Blue team debate

Iterative refinement Revise your work from feedback, then say what changed

Normalises drafts

closes the feedback loop

L7 prompts

L8 superhero story

L9–10 chatbot

L11–12 recommendations

Day 2 revision

Whole-class share-out / debrief Structured closing: groups report, teacher connects threads

Consolidates learning

celebrates work publicly

All 12 lessons (L1–L12)
Reflection routines / exit tickets Short written reflection on learning, confusion, next steps

Metacognition cements learning

gives you formative data

L1 quiz reflection

L2 exit ticket

L7 homework

L8 share-out

L11, L12 reflections

workshop exit cards

Gallery / showcase walk

Work displayed

learners tour, compare, leave comments

Authentic audience without presentation anxiety

L5–6 project gallery

L9–10 chatbot showcase

Day 2 closing

Beyond the 12 lessons – strategies worth trying

None of these appear in the Tech Ed P4 lessons yet – which makes them perfect candidates for your own designs (Day 2) and for editing the lessons later.

Strategy What it looks like Why try it in Tech Ed Where it comes from
Peer Instruction (vote – discuss – revote)

Rapid vote on a concept question, pairs argue their answers, then REVOTE on the same question

explain only if the revote is still split

Upgrades the L1/L7 votes: the peer discussion does the teaching, and you get misconception data twice

Mazur

Kaufman– Freeman et al., active learning readings

PRIMM (Predict – Run – Investigate – Modify – Make) Students predict what given code does, run it to check, investigate how it works, modify it, then make their own

Purpose-built for teaching programming

the natural classroom sequel to Guess the Prompt

CS education (Sentance) – fits Scratch, RAISE and chatbot lessons
Parsons problems

Working code cut into shuffled blocks

students re-order the blocks to make it run

Teaches program structure without syntax frustration – great for mixed-ability Scratch classes CS education research
Pair-programming roles (driver / navigator)

One types, one guides and checks

roles swap every few minutes on a timer

Stops the confident student doing everything – strengthens every pair task in L2–L10 CS classroom practice
Rubber-duck explaining Before asking the teacher, a stuck student explains their code line by line to a partner (or a toy duck) Builds independent debugging habits and shrinks the hands-up queue CS classroom practice
1-2-4-All (snowball) Solo think, pairs compare, pairs merge to fours, each four reports ONE best idea Scales Think-Pair-Share to big questions and big classes – every voice still heard Kaufman– interactive techniques handout
Muddiest point 60 seconds at the end: 'the thing I understood LEAST today was…' The honest cousin of the exit ticket – surfaces confusion students will not raise aloud Kaufman– formative assessment tip sheet
Concept mapping Students draw the unit's ideas (AI, data, model, training, bias…) as a linked map

Makes connections between lessons visible

strong revision strategy before quizzes

Kaufman– How People Learn
Fishbowl discussion

Inner circle discusses

outer circle observes with a listening task

then swap

A structured whole-class debate format beyond Red–Blue Kaufman– Svinicki & McKeachie, facilitating discussions
Traffic-light confidence signals A green / yellow / red cup or card on each table shows how the group is coping mid-task Live formative signal during Make phases – you see who needs you without stopping the room Assessment-for-learning classroom practice

Facilitation nudges (use with everything above)